Multi-factor authentication (MFA) enhances security primarily by requiring multiple forms of verification before granting access to a system or application. This process typically involves combining something the user knows (like a password) with something the user has (like a smartphone or hardware token) or something the user is (like biometric data).
The strength of MFA lies in its ability to create multiple layers of defense. Even if one factor, such as a password, is compromised, an attacker would still need to bypass additional authentication hurdles to gain access. This significantly reduces the risk of unauthorized access, as it is much less likely that an attacker will have all needed factors for authentication at their disposal.
This multi-layered approach makes it substantially harder for attackers to breach accounts and systems, leading to enhanced overall security. The reliance on multiple verification methods also helps mitigate risks associated with phishing attacks, as the user would need to provide not just their password but also complete additional verification steps.